IJAESsince 2000 International Journal of Arabic-English Studies

English ‘Green’ and its Arabic Equivalent ‘Akhḏar’: Similar or Different?

Abstract

This lexical contrastive study aims at investigating the similarities and differences between the English color term "green" and its Arabic equivalent "akhḏar" in terms of: denotative meanings, connotative meanings, morphological specifications, inflections, derivations, compounding, metaphorical meanings and idiomatic uses. Data were collected from several monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, and electronic databases. The analysis revealed that the color terms "green" and "akhḏar" express similar meanings in addition to their common universal meaning as terms expressing a color between yellow and blue. However, despite the similarity, each lexical item expresses different meanings not expressed by its equivalent.

Authors

Shyma Al-Shukri, Shehdeh Fareh

DOI

Keywords

Lexical contrastive analysis, Green, and akhgar.

Full Text :

ijaes.net/article/fulltext/view?volume=17&issue=1&id=9

References

  1. Abu Al-Majd, Sa:tic. (2009). Ad-dali:l Arabic English–English Arabic dictionary. Khoubar, KSA: Al-Da:r Al-Wataneiya Al-Jadi:da.
  2. Abu-Baker, Muhammad. (1987). Jamharat al-lugha. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar-il celm Lel-Malayi:n.
  3. Abu-Ssaydeh, Abdulfatta:h. (2013). Al-murshid: A general Arabic-English dictionary. Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Sharq wa Al- GHarb.
  4. Academy of the Arabic Language. (2004). Al-mucjam al-wasi:t. Cairo, Egypt: Maktabat Al-Shuru:q Al-Dawleiya.
  5. Al-Adaileh, Bilal A. (2012). 'The Connotations of Arabic Colour Terms'. Linguistics,(http://www.phil.muni.cz/linguitica/art/al-adaileh/ada-001.pdf)
  6. Al-Baclabki:, Muni:r and Ru:hi: Al-Baclabki:. (1996). Al-mawrid al-wasi:t. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar El-celm Lel-Malayi:n.
  7. Al-Baclabki:, Muni:r and Ru:hi: Al-Baclabki:. (2013). Qamu:s al-mawrid. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar El-celm Lel-Malayi:n.
  8. Al-Busta:ni, Butrus. (1990). Qutr al-mubi:t. Beirut, Lebanon: Librairie du Liban.
  9. Al-Fara:bi, Abu:nasr. (1990). Al- seba:b fe al-lugha. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar-il celm Lel-Malayi:n.
  10. Al-Farahi:di, Alkhali:l. (1986). Al-cayn. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar wa Maktabat Al- Helal.
  11. Al-Fayru:za:badi, Majdaddi:n. (2005). Al-qamu:s al-mohi:t. Beirut, Lebanon: Al-Resalah Publishers.
  12. Almaany.com. (2014). http://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-ar/ Retrieved January 6, 2014)
  13. Al-Muqry?, Ahmad. (1987). Al-mesbab al-muni:r. Beirut, Lebanon: Maktabat Lebnan.
  14. Al-Saleemi, E. (1987). A contrastive study of the verb systems of English and Arabic. Unpublished MA Thesis. Department of English Language. UK: Durham University.
  15. Al-Za:wi, Atta:her. (1998). Mukhta:r al-qamu:s. Libya: Al-Dar Al-carabeiya lel-Ketab.
  16. Al-Zubaidi, Muhammad. (2001). Taj al-caru:s fe jawaher al-qamu:s. Kuwait: Mo'asasat Al-Kuwait leltaqadum Al-celmi.
  17. Baker, Mona:. (2011). In other words: A course book on translation. New Yourk, NY: Routledge.
  18. Bell, Roger. (1991). Translation and translating: Theory and practice. London: Longman.
  19. Bin-Man�u:r, Muhammad. (2009). Lesan Al-carab. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al- Kotob Al-celmeiya.
  20. Cambridge dictionaries online. (2014). http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ (Retrieved January 6, 2014)
  21. Chambers 21st century dictionary. (2011). http://www.chambers.co.uk/dictionaries/the-chambers-21st-century- dictionary.php/ (Retrieved January 10, 2014)
  22. Collins English online dictionary. (2014). http://www.collinsdictionary.com/ (Retrieved January 6, 2014) http://www.collinsdictionary.com/
  23. Dictionary.com. (2014). http://dictionary.reference.com/ (Retrieved January 6, 2014)
  24. Doniach, N. (1982).The concise Oxford English-Arabic dictionary. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
  25. Encyclopedia Britannica. (2014). http://www.britannica.com/ (Retrieved June 4, 2013)
  26. Fareh, Shehdeh. (2006). 'Some textual problems in translating Arabic into English'. Turjuman, 15 (2): 99-115.
  27. Hamdan, Jiha:d and Shehdeh Fareh. (1999). 'The translation of Arabic wa into English: Some problems and implications'. Dirasat, Human and Social Sciences, 26 (2): 590-603.
  28. Hasan, Amna and Nabiha S. M. Al-Sammerai. (2011). 'How colors are semantically construed in the Arabic and English culture: A comparative study'. English Language Teaching, 4 (3): 206-213.
  29. Ibrahim. Abdulmahmu:d. (2010). 'Noun formation in standard English and modern standard Arabic: A contrastive study'. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 1(5): 614-623.
  30. Ilyas, Asim I. (2001). 'Colour Connotations in Arabic and English with Reference to Translation'. Albasaer. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 106-134.
  31. James, Carl. (1980). Contrastive analysis. London: Longman.
  32. Khan, Muhammad and Muhammad AL-Hilali. (1996). Interpretation of the meanings of the Noble Qur'an. Riyadh, KSA: Dar-us-Salam Publications.
  33. Lado, Robert. (1957). Linguistics Across Cultures. USA: The University of Michigan Press.
  34. Lane, Edward. (1980). An Arabic-English lexicon. Beirut, Lebanon: Librairie du Liban.
  35. Marcashli:, Nadi:m. (1975). Al-sba:b fe al-lugha wa al-culu:m. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al- baga:ra Al-carabeiya.
  36. Maclu:f, Lewis. (1908). Al-munjid fe al-lugha wa al-adab wa al-culu:m. Beirut, Lebanon: Catholic Press.
  37. Mehdi, Sami:r. (2011). 'Interdependent relationship between contrastive analysis and translation'. Basic Education College Magazine, (70): 57-68.
  38. Mukattash, Lewis. (2001). 'Some remarks on Arabic-English contrastive studies'. Poznan Studies on Contemporary Linguistics, 37: 115-126.
  39. Omar, Ahmad. (2008). Mucjam al-lugha al-carabeiya al-muca:sera. Cairo: ca:lam Al-kotob.
  40. Oxford learner's dictionaries. (2014). Retrieved January 6, 2014, from: http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.comhttp://www.oxfordlearnersdictio naries.com/definition/american_english/eye_1 (Retrieved March 5, 2014)
  41. Rasekh, Abbas Eslami and Banafsheh Ghafel. (2011). 'Basic Colors and their Metaphorical Expressions in English and Persian: Lakoff's Conceptual Metaphor Theory in Focus'. Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. May 5-7/ 2011. Sarajevo.
  42. Reza, Ahmad. (1960). Mucjam matn al-lugha. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Maktabat AL-baya.
  43. Ryding, Karin. (2005). A reference grammar of modern standard Arabic. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  44. Salman, Arwa:. (2012). 'Final word syllables in English and Arabic: A contrastive study'. Journal of Research Diyala Humanity. (54): 754-767.
  45. Steingass, Francis. (1989). A learner's Arabic-English dictionary. Beirut, Lebanon: Librairie du Liban.
  46. The American heritage dictionary of the English language (3rd ed.). (1992). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
  47. The century dictionary and encyclopedia. (Rev. ed.). (1895). New York, USA: The Century co.
  48. The free dictionary.com. (2014). http://ar.thefreedictionary.com/ (Retrieved January 7, 2014) http://ar.thefreedictionary.com/
  49. The many meanings of green. (2014). In Color Wheel Artist. Retrieved March 10, 2014, from: http://www.color-wheel-artist.com/meanings-of-green.html http://www.color-wheel-artist.com/meanings-of-green.html (Retrieved February 6, 2014)
  50. Webster's revised unabridged dictionary. (1913). Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Company. The ARTFL Project. http://machaut.uchicago.edu/websters (Retrieved January 6, 2014)
  51. Wikipedia. (2014). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About (Retrieved June 3, 2013)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About
  52. Wiktionary. (2014). http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page (Retrieved June 5, 2013)