Voices of Errancy, Spaces of Silence and Traces of Writing in the Narratives of Fadia Faqir, Leila Aboulela and Assia Djebar


Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine some Anglophone and Francophone writings produced by Arab women writers, namely Fadia Faqir, Leila Aboulela, and Assia Djebar, whose recent novels reveal an unremitting recall to the past to connect the self to the present and future in relevance to home/homeland. In Faqir’s (2014) Willow Trees Don’t Weep, Aboulela’s (2011) Lyrics Alley, and Djebar’s (2002) La Femme Sans Sépulture (The Woman Without a Burial Place), these writers point out their concern with gender, trauma and identity; wherein the memory joins the imaginary to resurrect the past and rekindle its vividness. Then, this paper endeavors to show the way “home” as an object of quest is figured in these writings in order to conceptualize a locus of identification for Arab women. It also touches on some issues relevant to the portrayal of home/homeland, the quest for newly-established spaces and voices in terms of exile, traumatic memories, patriarchy and matriarchy. It seeks then answers to the central question as how these writers of the diaspora would re-cognize the fragmented subjects’ voices, re-present their in-between spaces, and re-identify their home (s) in the selected narratives.     

Authors

Ghania Ouahmiche, Dallel Sarnou

DOI

Keywords

References

  1. Abbas, Sadia. (2011). 'Leila Aboulela, religion, and the challenge of the novel'. Contemporary Literature, 52, 430-461.
  2. Aboulela, Leila. (1999). The Translator. Edinburgh: Polygon.
  3. Aboulela, Leila. (2001). Coloured Lights. Edinburgh: Polygon. Aboulela, Leila. (2005). Minaret. London: Bloomsbury. Aboulela, Leila. (2011). Lyrics Alley. London: Orion.
  4. Aboulela, Leila. (2015). The Kindness of Enemies. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  5. Akbar, Arifa. (2010, December 17). Back to Khartoum: Leila Aboulela returns to the land of her fathers. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/ books/features/back-to- khartoum-leila-aboulela-returns-to-the-land-of-her-fathers 216 2261.html
  6. Aladylah, Majed., H. (2015). 'Crossing borders: Narrating identity and self in Willow Trees Don’t Weep by Fadia Faqir'. Arab World English Journal, Special Issue on Literature, 3: 224- 229.
  7. Alghamdi, Alaa. (2011).Transformation of Home and Identity for Muslim Characters in British Postcolonial Fiction. Universe Publishing: Lincoln.
  8. Awad, Yousef. (2014). 'Writing from the margins of the nation: Leila
  9. Aboulela’s Lyrics Alley'. Arab World English Journal, Special Issue on Literature, 2: 69-81.
  10. Bachelard, Gaston. (1957 [1961]). La poétique de l’Espace. Paris : les Presses Universitaires de France.
  11. Bacholle-Boškovic, Michèle. (2003). 'La Femme Sans Sépulture d’Assia Djebar ou une Histoire pas Enterrée'. Expressions Maghrébines, 2 (1): 79-90.
  12. Ball, Anna. (2010). 'Here is where I am: Re-rooting diasporic experience in Leila Aboulela's recent novels'. In Lawson et al., (eds.), Rerouting the Postcolonial: New Directions for the New Millennium, 118-127, London: Routledge.
  13. Ben Salem, Lobna. (2015). 'Hearing the wound: Testimony and trauma in Assia Djebar’s La Femme Sans Sépulture or The Woman Without a Grave'. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 1 (4): 135-148. Blanchot, Maurice. (1995).The Writing of the Disaster. Ann Smock (trans), University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln and London.
  14. Boibessot, Stéphanie. (2001). 'Voix et Voies sur les Chemins de l’Identité Féminine dans Femmes d’Alger dans leur Appartement d’Assia Djebar'. Dalhousie French Studies, 57: 137-150.
  15. Boutler, Jonathan. (2011). Melancholy and the Archive. London: Continuum.
  16. Brown, Vahid. (2008). 'Foreign Fighters in Historical Perspectives: The Case of Afghanistan’. In Fishman, Brian (ed.), Bombers, Bank Accounts, and Bleedout: Al-Qaida's Road in and Out of Iraq, 16-31. West Point: Harmony Project.
  17. Bun, Agnès. (2014, October 1). Willow Trees Don’t Weep by Fadia Faqir: A Review. Retrieved from http://www.asianreviewofbooks.com/pages/?ID=2007
  18. Butor, Michel (1972). 'Le voyage et l’écriture'. Romantisme, 4, 4-19.
  19. Butor, Michel. (1974). 'Travel and writing'. Mosaic: A journal for the Comparative Study of Literature and Ideas, 8 (1): 1-16.
  20. Chambers, Claire. (2011). British Muslim Fictions: Interviews with Contemporary Writers. Basingstoke, UK, and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  21. Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari Felix. (1986). Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  22. Djebar, Assia. (1995). Le Blanc de l’Algérie. Paris: Albin Michel.
  23. Djebar, Assia. (2002). La Femme Sans Sépulture. Paris : Albin Michel.
  24. Djebar, Assia. (2003). La disparition de La Langue Française. Paris : Albin Michel.
  25. Dimitriu, Inleana., S. (2014). 'Home in exile in Leila Aboulela’s fiction'. British and American Studies, 20: 71-80.
  26. Donadey, Anna. (2008). 'African American and Francophone postcolonial memory: Octavia Butler’s Kindred and Assia Djebar’s La Femme Sans Sépulture'. Research in African Literatures, 39 (3): 65-81.
  27. Fadia, Faqir. (1996). Pillars of Salt. Northampton: Interlink Publishing Group.
  28. Faqir, Fadia. (2007). My Name is Salma. London: Doubleday.
  29. Faqir, Fadia. (2014). Willow Trees Don’t Weep. London: Hebron.
  30. Fuchs, Thomas. (2007). 'Fragmented selves: Temporality and identity in borderline personality disorder'. Psychopathology, 40: 379-387.
  31. Gallego, Maria., D. (2002). 'The borders and the self: Identity and community in Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine and Paule Marshall’s Praise Song for the Widow'. In Benito, Jesus and Manzanas Ana Maria. (eds.), Literature and Ethnicity in the Cultural Borderlands, 145-158, Amsterdam-New York: The Netherlands.
  32. Hassan, Wail., S. (2008). 'Leila Aboulela and the ideology of the Muslim immigrant fiction'. Novel: A Forum on Fiction, 41 (2/1): 298-319.
  33. Hiddleston, Jane. (2006). Assia Djebar Out of Algeria. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  34. Hunter, Eva. (2013). 'The Muslim ‘who has faith’ in Leila Aboulela’s novels Minaret (2005) and Lyrics Alley (2009)'. Current Writing: Text and Reception in Southern Africa, 21 (1): 88-99.
  35. Kristeva, Julia, Jardine Alice and Blake Harry. (1981), ‘Women’s time’. Signs, 7 (1): 13-53.
  36. Lazreg, Marnia. (1994). The Eloquence of Silence: Algerian Women in question. New York: Routledge.
  37. Lowenthal, David. (2015). The Past is a Forgotten Country-Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  38. Lott, Sarah. (2015). New Postcolonial British Genre: Shifting the Boundaries. Palgrave: Macmillan.
  39. Mallett, Shelly. (2004). 'Understanding home: A critical review of the literature'. The Sociological Review, 52: 62-89.
  40. Medeiros, Ana. (2007). 'Fantastic elements in Assia Djebar’s La Femme Sans Sépulture'. Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies, 4 (2): 1-13. Moore, Lindsey. (2013). 'Space, embodiment, identity and resistance in the novels of Fadia Faqir'. In Nouri Gana (ed.). The Edinburg Companion to the Araba Novel in English: The Politics of Anglo Arab and Arab American Literature and Culture, 246-26, Edinburg: Edinburg University Press.
  41. O’Riley, Michael F. (2004). 'Place, position, and postcolonial haunting in Assia Djebar’s La Femme Sans Sépulture'. Research in African Literatures, 35 (1): 66-86.
  42. O’Riley, Michael F. (2006). 'Victimes, Héros et Spectres du Passé Colonial dans La Disparation de La Langue Française d’Assia Djebar'. Nouvelles Études Francophones, 21 (1): 153-167.
  43. O’Riley, Michael F. (2007). 'Postcolonial haunting in La Femme Sans Sépulture'. In O’Riley, Michael F. (ed.), Postcolonial Haunting and Victimization: Assia Djebar’s New Novels, 57-82, New York: Peterlang.
  44. Taheri, Amir. (2014, July 31). Four women’s stories at a time of turmoil. Retrieved from http://english.aawsat.com/2014/07/article55334898/four- womens-stories-at-a-time-of-turmoil
  45. Tarbush, Susannah. (2014). Book review: Fadia Faqir's Willow Trees Don't Weep. Retrieved from https://en.qantara.de/content/book-review-fadia- faqirs-willow-trees-dont -weep- abandoned-for-the-sake-of-jihad
  46. Yassin-Kassab, Robin. (2011, May 4). Robin Yassin-Kassab Reviews Leila Aboulela’s Lyrics Alley. Wasafiri: International Contemporary Writing, The Magazine. Retrieved from http:// www. wasafiri.org/pages/news_01/news_item.asp?News_01ID=226
  47. Zaghmout, Fadi. (2015, August 30). Willow Trees Don’t Weep: Interviewing Fadia Faqir. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/willow- trees-dont-weep-interviewing-fadia-faqir-fadi-zaghmout
  48. Zimra, Clarisse. (1992). 'Writing women: the novels of Assia Djebar', Substance, 2 (3): 68-84.